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data sets with continuous, categorical, grouped and correlated data. Great
for creating data sets for examples and for quality assurance testing. Data
sets are created in standard .CSV format so they can be opened in most
statistical programs such as SAS, SPSS, WINKS and into spreadsheet programs
such as Microsoft Excel.
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These WINKS statistics tutorials
explain the use and interpretation of standard statistical analysis
techniques for Medical, Pharmaceutical, Clinical Trials, Marketing or Scientific
Research. The examples include how-to instructions for WINKS SDA Version 6.0
Software. Download evaluation
copy of WINKS.
Single Sample t-test
Definition: Used to compare the mean of a sample to a known number
(often 0).
Assumptions: Subjects are randomly drawn from a population and the
distribution of the mean being tested is normal.
Test:
The hypotheses for a single sample t-test are:
Ho:
u = u0
Ha:
u < > u0
(where u0
denotes the hypothesized value to which you are comparing a population mean)
Test
statistic: The test statistic, t, has N-1 degrees of freedom, where N is
the number of observations.
Results
of the t-test: If the p-value associated with the t-test is small
(usually set at p < 0.05), there is evidence to reject the null hypothesis
in favor of the alternative. In other words, there is evidence that the mean
is significantly different than the hypothesized value. If the p-value
associated with the t-test is not small (p > 0.05), there is not enough
evidence to reject the null hypothesis, and you conclude that there is
evidence that the mean is not different from the hypothesized value.
Example:
Single Sample t-test
You read in
an article that an educator claimed that the average educational level for
people over 60 in was 8th grade. You happen to have a data (ELDERLY.DBF)
that contains a random sample of elderly people, and you want to test the
educator's claim. The results of performing a single sample t-test are:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Single Sample t-test
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Variable Name is EDUC
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N = 166 Missing or Deleted = 0
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Mean = 10.07831 St. Dev (n-1) = 3.25109
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Null
Hypothesis: mean(POPULATION) = 8
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Calculated t = 8.24 with 165 D.F. p = < 0.001 (2 - sided test)
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95%
C.I. about Mean is (9.57995, 10.57667)
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A
low value of p supports rejection of the null hypothesis.
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There is evidence that the actual mean is different from the
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hypothesized mean.
Exercise
- Single Sample t-test
You have
been told that the average employee for your industry has an average
dexterity score of 100 on a standardized test. You think your employees will
score differently, so you give a random sample of 12 the test. The results
are:
Subj. Test Score
1 98
2 102
3 120
4 140
5 123
6 101
7 89
8 99
9 119
10 103
11 132
12 107
1. Perform
a single sample t-test on this data.
2. What are
your hypotheses?
3. What
conclusion do you make?
4. Use the
Detailed Statistics option to calculate a 95% confidence interval on the
mean. How does this approach differ from doing the t-test?
Do this analysis NOW using WINKS

Click to order WINKS.
"Best value for an easy to use and
extensive statistical program."
Basic edition starts at $99.
Student editions also available.
"Winks is an excellent basic program that runs well on my
laptop. I find that I use it more than SAS" - Dr. Jim Dickson, Iowa
State University
-
Statistical Software
designed for your needs -- Medical, Clinical Trials, Dissertation, Thesis,
Business, Marketing, Agriculture, Forestry, Science and Research.
-
WINKS is an
economical, reliable and simple to use statistical analysis tool designed
to help students and researchers get the statistical answers they need
quickly and without hassle.
-
It contains a wide
range of statistical tests including many handy features not found in
programs such as SPSS or SAS -- for example, easy analysis from summary
data (as well as from raw data), nonparametric multiple comparisons,
APA standard analysis write-up suggestions and more.
-
Newest additions to
WINKS (ver 6.05) includes Grubbs Test for outliers and Tukey Test
for outliers, Kwikstat Data Generator evaluation edition,
multiple comparisons in 2xc and rx2 crosstabulation (Chi-Square)
analysis) & Permutations and combinations calculator
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Statistical test such as
t-tests (paired t test, independent group t test/unpaired t test),
ANOVA, regression, correlation, repeated measures,
logistic regression, times series analysis, chi-square,
Bland-Altman, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and much
more.
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Friendly interface with
easy Excel-like data handling & graphs (reads and writes Excel files.)
-
FAST
delivery to you when you order now
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Print a brochure (pdf
format)
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Recent updates include
- Added ability to calculate new column of z-scores for numeric
variables.
- Increased maximum groups to 40 for one-way ANOVA and one-way
repeated measures (40 repeats).
- Added editor option to create indicator variables from categorical
variables.
- Added Outcomes and Probabilities module that calculates combinations
and permutations.
- Added Grubbs & Tukey tests for outliers.
- Added Multiple Comparisons of Proportions to Crosstabulations
procedures for 2xc or rx2 tables
- Updates are free to current users.
Read more about WINKS features.
Download WINKS Evaluation
Version Now
For more information... we
recommend:
-
WINKS -- a simple to use and
affordable statistical software program that will help you analyze,
interpret and write-up your results. Download a free trial copy.
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Additional statistics
tutorials.
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Against All Odds VIDEOS - Now in VHS or DVD formats
Teaching Videos from
Annenberg/PBS
Click here for info
-
BeSmartNotes Reference sheets for SAS, SAS ODS, SPSS and WINKS
- Click here for info.
(www.besmartnotes.com)
-
Statistical Analysis Quick Reference
Guidebook: With SPSS Examples is a practical "cut to the
chase" handbook that quickly explains the when, where, and how of
statistical data analysis as it is used for real-world decision-making
in a wide variety of disciplines. It contains examples using SPSS
Statistics software. In this one-stop reference, the authors provide
succinct guidelines for performing an analysis, avoiding pitfalls,
interpreting results, and reporting outcomes. Paperback. Sage
Publishers ISBN: 1412925606
Order book from Amazon
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